Theory of the perfect lens

We design a model negative index metamaterial (NIM) based on Mie resonances in cylinders with positive permittivity (ε) and permeability ({μ}). In the effective medium theory (EMT) the composite is a homogeneous material with ε $=$ {μ} $=$ {-}1. Transmission of plane waves through a flat lens composed of the NIM is calculated using both EMT and a microscopic model that preserves the NIM's internal structure and is further used to predict the image profile of a point-light source. By comparing both results with fully vectorial simulations, we find that EMT significantly overestimates the range of evanescent waves that can be recovered by the NIM because of neglect of its microstructure. We discuss the implications of this result in constructing a perfect lens and on our understanding of artificially engineered metamaterials.