Cathodoluminescence of Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Yb 3+ in is known to be enhanced by a trace of Tb 3+ or Pr 3+ . Nd 3+ , Gd 3+ , Dy 3+ , Ho 3+ , Er 3+ , and Tm 3+ show similar enhancement of efficiencies by addition of Tb 3+ or Pr 3+ . For an electron beam with a current density of about 10 −4 A/cm 2 , in a raster of about 1 cm 2 area, the efficiency of is found to be greater by a factor of 1.5–7, depending on the RE 3+ , than the efficiency of the corresponding Tb 3+ ‐free material. The efficiency of singly activated with a rare earth depends sublinearly on the current density as a consequence of an unidentified superlinear quenching mechanism. When Tb 3+ or Pr 3+ is codoped, the quenching process is made ineffective, and a linear dependence on the current density is obtained. This effect of Tb 3+ or Pr 3+ is related to their large cross sections for holes as revealed by high efficiencies at low concentrations and also by a systematic study of thermoluminescence glow curves.
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Yamamoto et al. (1979) studied this question.