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Our growing experience with Botox over the past 3 decades has led to refined injection techniques, fewer adverse effects, and improved patient satisfaction. The safety and downtime profiles have increased its popularity for a wide variety of cosmetic and functional applications, both ‘‘on-label^ and ‘‘off-label.^ Successful facial application of Botox requires an in-depth understanding of the underlying functional anatomy and physiology. This article reviews the history, mechanics, and current uses of botulinum toxin to provide the clinician with pearls for successful application of this powerful therapy.
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Taban et al. (2006) studied this question.
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