Economical Colorimetric Smart Sensor to Measure Water Quality of Drinking Water in CKDu Prevalence Areas

Safe drinking water is essential for good health. Recommendations on drinking water sources of CKDu prevalence areas are utmost important due to health risk of long-term consumption. This paper focuses on designing a sensor to measure fluoride and hardness in well water with an automated mechanism. Here, a simple colorimetric approach was adapted to develop the proposed optical sensor using procedures of variation of color with SPADNS reagent and complexometric titration. Added measurement of conductivity and pH supports decision making. Reduced reagent volumes make the design to be eco-friendly and estimated cost of U.S. $1 per sample analysis is affordable to the communities with low income.