Key result
Genomic and multi-omics approaches in sports science offer potential to support performance analysis, personalize nutrition, predict injury risk, and prevent sudden death during sporting events.
Why the study?
Human athletic performance is a complex polygenic phenotype, and sports genetics faces multiple challenges as the field moves forward.
Genomic and multi-omic approaches hold potential for personalizing sports medicine, optimizing athletic performance, and preventing rare events like sudden cardiac death during sports.
Hypothesis-generating for omics in athlete screening; prospective trials needed before clinical adoption in SCD prevention.
Human athletic performance is a complex phenotype influenced by environmental and genetic factors, with most exercise-related traits being polygenic in nature. The aim of this article is to outline some of the challenge faced by sports genetics as this relatively new field moves forward. This review summarizes recent advances in sports science and discusses the impact of the genome, epigenome and other omics (such as proteomics and metabolomics) on athletic performance. The article also highlights the current status of gene doping and examines the possibility of applying genetic knowledge to predict athletes' injury risk and to prevent the rare but alarming occurrence of sudden deaths during sporting events. Future research in large cohorts of athletes has the potential to detect new genetic variants and to confirm the previously identified DNA variants believed to explain the natural predisposition of some individuals to certain athletic abilities and health benefits. It is hoped that this article will be useful to sports scientists who seek a greater understanding of how genetics influences exercise science and how genomic and other multi-omics approaches might support performance analysis, coaching, personalizing nutrition, rehabilitation and sports medicine, as well as the potential to develop new rationale for future scientific investigation.
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Ginevičienė et al. (2022) conducted a review in Athletic performance. Genomic and multi-omics approaches in sports science offer potential to support performance analysis, personalize nutrition, predict injury risk, and prevent sudden death during sporting events.
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