Key result
Single-sample Markov flow entropy (sMFE) accurately identified the critical state before disease deterioration in four tumor datasets and yielded two novel prognostic biomarkers.
Why the study?
Detecting critical transitions in complex diseases often fails when clinical data are limited to small sample sizes or single samples.
Does the single-sample Markov flow entropy (sMFE) method accurately identify the critical state of cancers using single-sample data?
Does the single-sample Markov flow entropy (sMFE) method accurately identify the critical state of cancers using single-sample data?
The sMFE computational method can identify pre-disease critical states and novel prognostic biomarkers in cancers using only single-sample data.
Background: The progression of complex diseases sometimes undergoes a drastic critical transition, at which the biological system abruptly shifts from a relatively healthy state (before-transition stage) to a disease state (after-transition stage). Searching for such a critical transition or critical state is crucial to provide timely and effective scientific treatment to patients. However, in most conditions where only a small sample size of clinical data is available, resulting in failure when detecting the critical states of complex diseases, particularly only single-sample data. Methods: In this study, different from traditional methods that require multiple samples at each time, a model-free computational method, single-sample Markov flow entropy (sMFE), provides a solution to the identification problem of critical states/pre-disease states of complex diseases, solely based on a single-sample. Our proposed method was employed to characterize the dynamic changes of complex diseases from the perspective of network entropy. Results: The proposed approach was verified by unmistakably identifying the critical state just before the occurrence of disease deterioration for four tumor datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In addition, two new prognostic biomarkers, optimistic sMFE (O-sMFE) and pessimistic sMFE (P-sMFE) biomarkers, were identified by our method and enable the prognosis evaluation of tumors. Conclusions: The proposed method has shown its capability to accurately detect pre-disease states of four cancers and provide two novel prognostic biomarkers, O-sMFE and P-sMFE biomarkers, to facilitate the personalized prognosis of patients. This is a remarkable achievement that could have a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases.
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Liu et al. (2023) studied Cancers. Single-sample Markov flow entropy (sMFE) was evaluated on Identification of the critical state before disease deterioration. Single-sample Markov flow entropy (sMFE) accurately identified the critical state before disease deterioration in four tumor datasets and yielded two novel prognostic biomarkers.
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