The use of soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in two-dimensional (2D) element-specific vector magnetometry is demonstrated by investigating a thin Fe(001) single-crystal film grown on ZnSe(001). By measuring element-specific magnetic hysteresis curves along directions parallel and perpendicular to an applied magnetic field, the 2D behavior of the in-plane magnetization vector M is described as a function of the applied magnetic field. The use of this method to obtain element-specific 3D vector magnetometry in magnetic materials that exhibit both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization is also discussed.
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Chakarian et al. (1995) studied this question.