The well-known improvement of the layer-by-layer growth of ultrathin films of $3d$ ferromagnets by O surfactant is used to study the influence on their magnetism. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) reveals an induced magnetic moment of the O surfactant aligned in parallel to the $3d$ magnetization. In conjunction with density functional calculations we study the systematics of the x-ray absorption spectroscopy and XMCD at the O K edge.
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Sorg et al. (2006) studied this question.
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