We investigated the effect of high operating voltage and series resistance on the dynamic behavior of strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum well vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). A large wavelength chirp in the lasing spectrum is observed for the lasers with high voltage/resistance even under low-duty-cycle pulse operation due to resistive heating close to the laser junction. Using an optimized laser design, VCSELs with 2.6 V threshold voltage and 40 Ω resistance are achieved. We believe this is the lowest threshold voltage and resistance reported to date for a 20 μm VCSEL with as-grown mirrors. The wavelength chirp is reduced by nearly two orders of magnitude for these improved lasers.
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Chang-Hasnain et al. (1991) studied this question.
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