Despite the increased susceptibility to infections, tuberculosis develops rarely in recipients of renal transplants. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in only 3 of approximately 400 patients who received a renal transplant at this center between 1962 and 1972. One of these patients developed miliary tuberculosis, the pulmonary lesions of which resolved almost completely within 3 weeks with chemotherapy. The rapid resolution was attributed to prednisone that was administered concomitantly to control rejection. Relapse of the infection due to development of isoniazid resistance occurred after a second transplantation.
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Neff et al. (1973) studied this question.