A flute-like mode arising in plasma confinement configurations having favourable magnetic curvature, averaged along the lines of force, and very low density is analyzed. This mode has phase velocity in the direction of the ion diamagnetic velocity, is destabilized by ion Landau damping, and can be classified as a "gravitational wave." The analysis has been suggested by a set of experiments on multipole devices, and the results qualitatively agree with them.
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Coppi et al. (1968) studied this question.
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