Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying soybean (Glycine max) 100‐seed weight under different levels of phosphorus fertilizer application

The “100‐seed weight (100‐SW)” trait is an important component of soybean quality and yield. Phosphorus (P) deficiency induces a wide array of metabolic effects that limits plant growth, especially in soybean. In this study, the 100‐SW values of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population constructed by a cross between “Zhongdou27” and “Jiunong20” were evaluated in three tested environments under regular P and low P level conditions. We detected 12 additive quantitative trait loci (QTL) on nine linkage groups, explaining 8.11%–17.21% of the total phenotype variations. Two of these identified QTLs, qSW2‐3 and qSW17‐2, were identified in multi‐environments both under regular and low P level conditions, and explained 10.10%–14.11% and 10.12%–12.06% of the observed variations, respectively. One QTL, qSW17‐2, was novel which has been reported for the first time. Additionally, three QTLs (qSW10‐1, qSW13‐1 and qSW17‐1) were detected under low P conditions and the other QTLs were detected specifically under regular P levels. These particular QTLs improve our understanding of the genetic basis of P efficiency in soybean.