Key result
EPA Method 1615 achieved mean poliovirus recovery of 58% and 20% in groundwater samples using culturable and molecular assays, respectively, but was less effective in high-turbidity surface water.
EPA Method 1615 is effective for detecting enterovirus and norovirus in groundwater samples, but further research is needed to improve its effectiveness with surface water.
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May inform groundwater viral monitoring; leaves open refinements for high-turbidity surface water.
The U.S. EPA developed a sample concentration and preparation assay in conjunction with the total culturable virus assay for concentrating and measuring culturable viruses in source and drinking waters as part of the Information Collection Rule (ICR) promulgated in 1996. In an effort to improve upon this method, the U.S. EPA recently developed Method 1615: Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Method 1615 uses a culturable virus assay with reduced equipment and labor costs compared to the costs associated with the ICR virus method and introduces a new molecular assay for the detection of enteroviruses and noroviruses by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In this study, we describe the optimization of several new components of the molecular assay and examine virus recovery from ground, reagent-grade, and surface water samples seeded with poliovirus type 3 and murine norovirus. For the culturable virus and molecular assays, mean poliovirus recovery using the complete method was 58% and 20% in groundwater samples, 122% and 39% using low-titer spikes in reagent-grade water, 42% and 48% using high-titer spikes in reagent-grade water, and 11% and 10% in surface water with high turbidity, respectively. Murine norovirus recovery by the molecular assay was 30% in groundwater samples, less than 8% in both low- and high-titer spikes in reagent-grade water, and 6% in surface water with high turbidity. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Method 1615 for use with groundwater samples and highlights the need for further research into its effectiveness with surface water.
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Cashdollar et al. (2012) studied Enterovirus and Norovirus in Water. EPA Method 1615 was evaluated on Virus recovery. EPA Method 1615 achieved mean poliovirus recovery of 58% and 20% in groundwater samples using culturable and molecular assays, respectively, but was less effective in high-turbidity surface water.
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