Synthesis and properties of nanosized systems as efficient catalysts for hydroconversion of heavy petroleum feedstock

The review summarizes published data on the synthesis, physicochemical properties, and activity of nanocatalysts for the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks—atmospheric and vacuum residues. New reaction systems used in the hydroconversion of heavy feedstocks—a slurry reactor and a blacking reactor—are discussed. Particular attention is given to the synthesis of promising nanocatalysts by singlelayer dispersion of powders and thermal or chemical conversion of oil- and water-soluble precursors dispersed in a hydrocarbon medium.