Metastable Solution Thermodynamic Properties and Crystal Growth Kinetics

The crystal growth rates of NH 4 H 2 PO 4, KH 2 PO 4, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4, KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O, NaCl, and glycine and the nucleation rates of KBr, KCl, NaBr·2H 2 O, (NH 4 ) 2 Cl, and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 were expressed in terms of the fundamental driving force of crystallization calculated from the activity of supersaturated solutions. The kinetic parameters were compared with those from the commonly used kinetic expression based on the concentration difference. From the viewpoint of thermodynamics, rate expressions based on the chemical potential difference provide accurate kinetic representation over a broad range of supersaturation. The rates estimated using the expression based on the concentration difference coincide with the true rates of crystallization only in the concentration range of low supersaturation and deviate from the true kinetics as the supersaturation increases.