A Review of Treatment Alternatives for Drug Offenders: a case for urine monitoring in condition of treatment orders

This paper examines some of the key factors that led to the formal establishment of condition of treatment orders for drug offenders. Through an analysis of the literature of similar schemes in the US it discusses the components which have been found to improve treatment and recidivistic outcomes. Particular emphasis is placed upon the importance of incorporating urine monitoring into the design of condition of treatment orders. It concludes by arguing that many of the prejudices against urine monitoring in condition of treatment orders are misguided and may actually be preventing drug offenders from receiving effective treatment via the criminal justice system.