Radical-mediated single carbonylation of alkyl iodides furnishing carboxylic acids proceeded in water using phosphinic acid as a radical initiator in the presence of a surfactant (CTAB). On the other hand, formation of double carbonylation product (α-keto carboxylic acid) along with single carbonylation product was observed for the first time, when the reaction was carried out in aqueous ethanol without any surfactants.
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Sugiura et al. (2003) studied this question.
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