A new technique using a copper detector in a scanning electron microscope is introduced for the investigation of charging in insulators, and pure single-crystalline α-quartz samples are studied. The curve of charging rate varying with time is obtained, and the total charge trapped in the sample is accurately determined. Furthermore, the effects of electron-beam energy and current on charging are also examined. Our results suggest that electron-radiation-induced defects in the sample play major roles in the charge trapping. Details of the experimental setup are given.
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Gong et al. (1994) studied this question.
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