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The forces between silica surfaces in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) solutions have been measured as a function of polymer concentration using an atomic force microscope. Under similar solution conditions to the force–distance studies, the stability of a colloidal silica dispersion to depletion flocculation was studied. The measured force–distance curves were used to interpret the observed flocculation behaviour of the dispersion.
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Milling et al. (1997) studied this question.
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