Arteriovenous shunts, many times the accepted diameter of capillaries, were demonstrated in isolated human lungs with little or no pulmonary pathology, by the passage of glass spheres from the pulmonary artery to or through the pulmonary veins. Injection of these vessels with liquid latex or vinyl acetate indicates that the shunts are located at the apex of and within the lobular divisions of the lungs.
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Tobin et al. (1950) studied this question.