The photorefractive properties of a poled polymer containing the tricyanovinylcarbazole group with an alkylene spacer are investigated by four-wave mixing experiments and Mach–Zehnder type electro-optic measurements. The photorefractive effect is demonstrated in a polymer that shows both the photoconductivity and the electro-optic effect intrinsically.
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Kippelen et al. (1993) studied this question.