Nathan R. Selden, MD, PhD, is Campagna Chair of Pediatric Neurosurgery, and Director, OHSU Neurological Surgery Residency Program, Oregon Health & Science University; Aviva Abosch, MD, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, and Director, Stereotactic, Functional, and Epilepsy Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School; Richard W. Byrne, MD, is Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical School; Robert E. Harbaugh, MD, FAANS, FACS, FAHA, is Director, Institute of Neurosciences, Distinguished Professor and Chair, Department of Neurosurgery, and Professor, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University; William E. Krauss, MD, is Professor of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine; Timothy B. Mapstone, MD, is Wilkins Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Oklahoma; Oren Sagher, MD, is Professor and Vice-chair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan; Gregory J. Zipfel, MD, is Associate Professor of Neurological Surgery and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine; Pamela L. Derstine, PhD, MHPE, is Executive Director, RC(s) for Colon and Rectal Surgery, Neurological Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery, and Otolaryngology, ACGME; and Laura Edgar, EdD, CAE, is Senior Associate Director, Outcome Assessment, ACGME.
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Selden et al. (2013) studied this question.