High‐frequency limitations of rc‐active filters containing simulated‐l and fdnr elements

High quality RC‐active filters may be realized using inductance‐simulation or FDNR‐synthesis techniques where generalized immittance converters (GIC) are the basic active two ports of the synthesis. The deterioration of the magnitude transfer function |T(jω)| at high frequencies is determined in terms of the gain bandwidth products B of the operational amplifiers employed within the GIC's. The basis of the method is to extend Blostein's lossless LC‐twoport tolerance by determining the magnitude and phase errors of the simulated‐inductance or FDNR elements.