Piezoelectric Material Non-Linear Characteristics, Compensation Methods and Application

Piezoelectric material has been widely used as sensor and actuator in many applications such as in structural vibration reduction [1-3], control of flexible structures [4,5], positioning control [6,7] and energy harvesting [8]. This is due to the piezoelectric effects which converted the mechanical energy to the electrical energy (i.e., sensing ability) and conversely from electrical energy to the mechanical energy (i.e., actuating ability). These piezoelectric effects were firstly discovered but only been used in 1940 (Figure 1a & 1b). Show both of the piezoelectricity working principle of sensing and actuating abilities, respectively. From these Figure 1a & 1b, the first effect is due to the mechanical stress which transfers the energy to the electrical charge across the material and the second effect is conversely due to the applied electrical charge to the material resulting in mechanical stress [9].