Doping profiles generated by electric-field-assisted proton diffusion in LiNbO3 bulk material are investigated, spatially resolved by absorption and by second-harmonic-generation measurements. The results allow a direct correlation of the refractive-index changes with the local proton density. It is shown that protons are the only mobile ions under the experimental conditions applied (600 °C, 100 V/cm), whereas lithium ions do not move under these conditions. Similar results were obtained for samples doped with deuterium.
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Schmidt et al. (1989) studied this question.
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