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We have measured the concentration of deuterium as a function of depth in a deuterium-exchanged LiNbO3 sample using nuclear analysis. From the shape of the concentration profile we calculate the concentration dependent effective diffusion coefficient for deuterium-lithium counterdiffusion. Comparison of the concentration and refractive index profiles for this waveguide confirms that the index increase in exchanged material is a nonlinear function of concentration. We discuss implications of these results for optical waveguide fabrication.
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Rice et al. (1985) studied this question.
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