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Critical review evaluates nitrogen control mechanisms across electric arc furnace steelmaking steps, highlighting operational strategies to produce high-grade low-nitrogen steel from scrap.
The scrap‐based electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking route, using steel scrap as the primary metallic charge with a supplement of ore‐based metallics (OBMs), will be increasingly employed to produce low‐nitrogen steels that conventionally are made by the blast furnace (BF)‐basic oxygen furnace (BOF) integrated route. To support such trends with minimized environmental impact and low costs, this paper critically reviews the relevant literature from both research and industrial practice on controlling steel nitrogen content in steelmaking processes. It covers the entire scrap‐based EAF steelmaking process from raw materials, through primary EAF steelmaking (scrap melting, slag foaming and tapping) and secondary refining (ladle furnace treatment and vacuum degassing), to continuous casting. The paper identifies future work to advance fundamental understanding and improve industry practices for producing low‐nitrogen steels via the scrap‐based EAF steelmaking route.
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Li et al. (2026) studied this question.
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