Systematic observer bias as a neglected limitation in macro evolutionary theoretical frameworks

Observer bias is a typical type of systematic error in scientific research. If researchers ignore interferences originating from their subjective perspective, they may misinterpret observational objects, leading to biased cognition and skewed inferred rules. As the theoretical cornerstone of modern life sciences, evolutionary theory demands high rigor for its conceptual framework. This study notes that even when analyses are performed under the cutting edge Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES), researchers may still be constrained by cognitive limitations arising from observer bias. In macroevolutionary analyses, physical constraints imposed by gravity are frequently down played or even neglected, creating a notable theoretical gap within the dominant paradigm that biological morphological diversification is mainly driven by random variation and natural selection. Accordingly, this study preliminarily constructs the LMME model based on the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES), incorporating biological activity patterns and gravitational background parameters. The model aims to mitigate cognitive distortions induced by observer bias and acquires preliminary capacity for reconstructing evolutionary trajectories and predicting evolutionary trends, forming a challenge to the traditional hypothesis of non directionality in biological evolution.