Gravity‑ and Calcium‑Mediated Directional Natural Evolution

Existing research on the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) and developmental mechanics only interprets mechanical effects and epigenetically regulated phenotypic evolution in a fragmented way, failing to establish an integrated analytical framework for morphological evolution centered on gravitational orientation and sessile posture. Integrating the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and developmental biomechanics theories, this study takes the physiological regulatory effect of calcium ions as the core breakthrough and proposes an unreported physiological regulatory mechanism for directional cell proliferation–apoptosis. Based on this original mechanism, this study expands the theoretical application scope of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and constructs the Long-Term Macro-Morphological Evolution Model (LMME). The LMME systematically illustrates that gravity can conduct slow directional regulation to shape the overall morphology of organisms. Within the LMME theoretical framework, this study reconstructs the evolutionary trajectories of deuterostomes and mollusks, and achieves visual restoration of the evolutionary history of animal body plans, nervous systems and skeletal structures. For long-standing evolutionary controversies including the phylogenetic placement of the Ediacaran biota, convergent flight origins across clades, ammonite morphological differentiation, and the specialized body plans of frogs and turtles, this paper puts forward novel explanatory hypotheses from the perspective of gravitational constraints. Meanwhile, vestigial evidence of this evolutionary mechanism is discovered in human anatomical and physiological structures, and the reliability of the model is verified by proof by contradiction and comparative morphological observation. This study constructs a macroevolutionary paradigm centered on gravitational orientation, complements and improves the theoretical system of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, and provides novel analytical ideas for multiple controversial issues in evolutionary biology.