Acceptance model of material value conservation technology for the reuse of domestic piped water in Jakarta

This study extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain household intentions to adopt a graywater reuse system with material value conservation (GWRS-MVC) in Jakarta. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 408 urban residents familiar with environmental and water-related issues. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), twenty-three hypotheses were tested to examine the effects of perceived contextual necessity, perceived value, Incentives, system knowledge, and TAM constructs on adoption intentions. The results show that perceived usefulness, ease of use, and contextual necessity significantly influence the intention to adopt GWRS-MVC. Incentives and system knowledge enhance perceived ease of use, whereas perceived usefulness mediates the effects of perceived environmental and economic value and contextual necessity on behavioral intention. The study introduces a novel framework incorporating contextual necessity and multidimensional perceived value to better explain sustainable technology acceptance. Although limited by its Jakarta-specific context and cross-sectional design, the findings provide actionable insights for managers, policymakers, and educators. Enhancing user knowledge, emphasizing personal and contextual benefits, and leveraging Incentives and demonstrations can strengthen adoption. This model offers a practical and adaptable roadmap for promoting water reuse systems and advancing environmental stewardship in resource-constrained urban settings.