Engineering Architecture for Fusion Powered Artificial Gravity Spacecraft and Liquid Metal Magnetohydrodynamic Shielding

This paper presents a unified engineering architecture for biologically sustainable human operations beyond Earth orbit, integrating artificial‑gravity habitats, compact fusion reactors, high‑power plasma propulsion, and liquid‑metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) systems. The framework links a 0.7G lunar orbital gateway, a Mars‑class rotating cruiser, metal‑ablation plasma thrusters, and reusable atmospheric shuttles into a staged development path beginning with non‑nuclear structural demonstrations in low Earth orbit. The central argument is that long‑duration human missions cannot rely on microgravity or partial gravity alone; instead, artificial gravity, radiation shielding, continuous power, and efficient propulsion must function as a single survival system. The paper organizes the technology stack into four credibility tiers—established physics, near‑future engineering, speculative but logical systems, and far‑future integrated concepts—to maintain internal consistency while enabling disciplined world‑building. This architecture provides a coherent, biologically realistic, and technically plausible foundation for future deep‑space mission design.