Geographic Concentration of Cardiac Catheterization and Cardiovascular Mortality Heterogeneity in Pará, Brazil: A Municipal-Level Clustering Analysis (2019–2023)

This study characterizes the geographic distribution of cardiovascular care access and mortality burden across 144 municipalities in Pará, Brazil (2019–2023) using K-Means clustering applied to publicly available DATASUS and IBGE administrative data. Two municipalities concentrated 100% of cardiac catheterization procedures while 142 recorded zero. Among those without access, four structurally distinct municipal profiles were identified, with statistically significant differences in mortality rate, GDP per capita, and mortality growth trend (all p<0.001). Analysis code available at: github.com/g4bfernandoo/regional-health-disparities-brazil.