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All known methods of producing an elevation (formation) of the vitelline membrane in the egg of the sea-urchin result in a lowering of surface tension. 2. The following substances, all of which lower surface tension, were also found effective in producing membrane elevation: acetone, chloretone, urethane, chloral hydrate, methyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, methyl salicylate, acetamide, picric acid. 3. A simple physical explanation of the process is given, which is based on Fol's original interpretation.
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L. V. Heilbrunn (1913) studied this question.
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