Key result
Coronary artery fistulas are uncommon but clinically important entities that require comprehensive evaluation using both invasive and noninvasive imaging modalities.
Why the study?
Coronary artery fistulas are uncommon but clinically important entities capable of causing significant complications, warranting a comprehensive review of their classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging, and management.
This review summarizes the classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, imaging findings, and treatment of coronary artery fistulas.
Imaging central to coronary artery fistula evaluation and classification; review leaves optimal management strategies open.
Coronary artery fistulas are uncommon but clinically important entities that may produce symptoms and significant complications such as angina, myocardial infarction, coronary artery aneurysm formation, and congestive heart failure. Multiple fistula types have been recognized, and classification uses factors such as etiology, coronary artery origin, and drainage site. Both invasive and noninvasive imaging play an important role in the management and treatment of these patients, and often times, more than one modality is necessary for comprehensive evaluation of coronary fistulas. Recent advances in both functional and anatomic imaging will likely also play a growing role in fistula evaluation. The purpose of this article is to review the classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, imaging findings, treatment, and future imaging directions of coronary artery fistulas.
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Kalisz et al. (2020) conducted a review in Coronary artery fistulas. Coronary artery fistulas are uncommon but clinically important entities that require comprehensive evaluation using both invasive and noninvasive imaging modalities.
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