Prolactin and depression: two models

Data from a variety of studies attempting to delineate a causative role for prolactin, or dopamine depletion with resultant hyperprolactinemia, in depression have suggested a possible role for an amine depletion model, but the evidence is contradictory. One single model does not explain prolactin levels after antidepressant therapy, blunted prolactin response to dynamic challenge, normal baseline prolactin values and the antidepressant effects of bromocriptine.Depression and other psychological disturbances are more clearly shown to be associated with hyperprolactinemic states, but once again, a simple model of prolactin reduction by increased dopamine alone will not serve to explain all cases. The role of endogenous estrogen needs to be elucidated, and the contribution of gonadotropin and hormones needs to be investigated.