An analytical procedure is presented for evaluating the racking deformation of rectangular and circular tunnel linings caused by soil–structure interaction during a seismic event. The procedure, as applied to rectangular linings, is supplementary to that previously published by Penzien and Wu (Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1998; 27:283–300) for circular linings.
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Joseph Penzien (2000) studied this question.
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