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A field study, designed to test the hypothesis that habitat segregation in sympatric populations of Microtus pennsylvanicus and M. mo-ntcrnus is due to competition, was conducted on the National Bison Range in western Montana between June 1961 and May 1962. Experimental reduction of the numbers of M. pennsylvanicus induced moveiments of M. montanus into the vacated habitat, forming the basis for acceptance of the hypothesis. The nature of the movements plus .reciprocal avoidance behavior of both species of voles during normal circumstances suggest that the voles conform to the principle of competitive exclusion. The. significance of niche overlap is stressed and its adaptive qualities are discussed.
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Koplin et al. (1968) studied this question.
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