Glycemic variability in newly diagnosed diabetic cats treated with the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue exenatide extended release

BACKGROUND: Glycemic variability (GV) is an indicator of glycemic control and can be evaluated by calculating the SD of blood glucose measurements. In humans with diabetes mellitus (DM), adding a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue to conventional therapy reduces GV. In diabetic cats, the influence of GLP-1 analogues on GV is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate GV in diabetic cats receiving the GLP-1 analogue exenatide extended release (EER) and insulin. ANIMALS: Thirty client-owned cats with newly diagnosed spontaneous DM. METHODS: Retrospective study. Blood glucose curves from a recent prospective placebo-controlled clinical trial generated 1, 3, 6, 10, and 16 weeks after starting therapy were retrospectively evaluated for GV. Cats received either EER (200 μg/kg) or 0.9% saline SC once weekly, insulin glargine and a low-carbohydrate diet. Mean blood glucose concentrations were calculated and GV was assessed by SD. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: In the EER group, GV (mean SD [95% confidence interval]) was lower at weeks 6 (1.69 mmol/L [0.9-2.48]; P = .02), 10 (1.14 mmol/L [0.66-1.62]; P = .002) and 16 (1.66 mmol/L [1.09-2.23]; P = .02) compared to week 1 (4.21 mmol/L [2.48-5.93]) and lower compared to placebo at week 6 (3.29 mmol/L [1.95-4.63]; P = .04) and week 10 (4.34 mmol/L [2.43-6.24]; P < .000). Cats achieving remission (1.21 mmol/L [0.23-2.19]) had lower GV compared to those without remission (2.96 mmol/L [1.97-3.96]; P = .01) at week 6. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The combination of EER, insulin, and a low-carbohydrate diet might be advantageous in the treatment of newly diagnosed diabetic cats.