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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of self-awareness interventions that involve a component of feedback for adults with brain injury. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Randomized and non-randomized studies identified by searching CINAHL, Cochrane Systematic Review Database, Embase, Medline, OTSeeker, PsycBITE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, clinical trial registries, and reference lists of eligible articles. RESULTS: Twelve studies of varied methodological quality met the inclusion criteria, of which 3 were randomized controlled trials involving a total of 62 people with brain injury of mixed aetiology. The type of feedback intervention and outcomes assessed were heterogeneous. The pooled estimate of improvement in self-awareness after completing a feedback intervention was of moderate effect size (Hedges' adjusted g = 0.64; 95% confidence interval: 0.11-1.16). CONCLUSION: Feedback interventions produced modest improvements in self-awareness. Further research is required to determine the effects of integrating feedback interventions into rehabilitation programmes and the impact of this on functional outcome.
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Schmidt et al. (2011) studied this question.
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