Highly Efficient Visible Light Thermo-Photo Catalytic Water Splitting over Ru/Black TiO 2

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Photocatalytic hydrogen production using solar energy represents a sustainable approach to addressing the dual challenges of fossil fuel dependence and global energy demand. Despite extensive research, the efficiency of visible-light-driven water splitting remains limited, hindering practical application. In this work, we demonstrate a high-performance thermo-photo catalytic system using Ru/black TiO 2 which achieves an impressive hydrogen production rate of 307 mmol·g –1 ·h –1 under visible light at 300 °C. An apparent quantum efficiency (QE) of 82% was measured across the full visible spectrum, surpassing most previously reported values.