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As a result of studies conducted in the last 20–30 years, new information has been obtained about the flower bud formation in apple and cherry, including some data about the presence of genes determining the reproductive organs of the apple. Some issues about the flower induction, histological transformation of the apical meristem, morphological differentiation of the flower buds, factors and conditions influencing the flower bud formation and the quality of the reproductive organs are discussed in this survey. Some attention has been paid to the tree pruning, summer pruning in particular, the fertilization, irrigation and treatment with growth regulators, by means of which processes of flower bud formation can be regulated.
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Koutinas et al. (2010) studied this question.
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