Why the study?
The burden, severity, and pattern of coronary artery disease in people with HIV, along with its relationship to metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, needed assessment.
Do people with HIV have a higher burden of coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction compared to matched controls without HIV?
Cross-Sectional (n=144)
No
Do people with HIV have a higher burden of coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction compared to matched controls without HIV?
Absolute Event Rate: 31.9% vs 4.2%
p-value: p=<0.001
People with HIV have a significantly higher burden of subclinical coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction compared to matched controls, highlighting the need for routine cardiovascular screening.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the burden, severity, and pattern of coronary artery disease (CAD) in people with HIV (PWH), as well as its relationship with metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 PWH and 72 matched people without HIV at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), in Kano, northern Nigeria. Data collection included demographics, metabolic parameters, viral load, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD) assessed via ultrasound, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores obtained using electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated computed tomography. CAD predictors were analyzed using t tests, linear regression, and chi-squared/Fisher's exact tests ( P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Among 144 participants (72 PWH, 72 controls), PWH had higher CAD prevalence (31.9 vs. 4.2%, P < 0.001) and mean CAC scores (23.2 vs. 2.7, P < 0.001). CAD was significantly associated with longer ART duration ( P = 0.04), higher BMI ( P = 0.005), and reduced BAFMD ( P = 0.020). In controls, hs-CRP predicted CAD ( P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: PWH in northern Nigeria have a higher burden of CAD compared to HIV-negative controls, with greater CAC and endothelial dysfunction, independent of viral load status. These findings highlight the need for routine cardiovascular screening and integration of cardiovascular disease prevention into HIV care.
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Ismail et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in HIV and coronary artery disease (n=144). HIV infection vs. People without HIV was evaluated on Coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence (p=<0.001).
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