Shift of Multiple Incompatible Equilibriums by a Combination of Heterogeneous Catalysis and Membranes

Wolf and lamb reactions: Incompatible (“wolf and lamb”) reactions that exist in equilibrium can be promoted by combining two heterogeneous catalysts and by using a membrane to shift one of the equilibriums (see scheme). This leads to an improved yield, as well as resulting in a more sustainable process due to savings in reagents and the generation of fewer byproducts.