Observational study reveals localized breeding dispersal in Sand Martins, indicating high colony fidelity despite transient nesting habitats.
Because of the transient nature of most colony sites, breeding Sand Martins may be compelled to move as former nesting sites deteriorate. This study found that about 90% settled within 10 km, with the longest displacements by first-summer birds and females.
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C. J. Mead (1979) studied this question.
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