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We investigated off-axis directional beaming from a photonic crystal (PC) waveguide. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that it is possible to control beaming from a PC waveguide via PC surface modes using a gratinglike layer with different periods on different sides of the waveguide. We observed off-axis directional beaming with full width at half maximum of 10° with a beaming angle of 14° from a PC waveguide. Since the beaming angle only depends on the periods of the gratinglike layer on the output side, this beaming angle can be easily changed by arranging the grating periods asymmetrically.
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Çağlayan et al. (2008) studied this question.
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