Key result
Elevated BMI, dyslipidemia, and metabolic risk factors are consistently associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease across both North and South Indian populations.
The review highlights the high prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia and obesity as key CAD risk factors across North and South India, emphasizing the need for targeted public health and lifestyle interventions.
Advanced lipid markers may enhance premature CAD prediction in Indian populations; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) in India is closely linked to elevated body mass index (BMI), dyslipidemia, and metabolic risk factors. Studies from Northern India, including Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir, show high obesity prevalence, especially in rural and tribal populations, with low HDL and borderline triglyceride levels. Advanced lipid markers like oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and small dense LDL (sdLDL) are more effective in predicting premature CAD than traditional markers. In Southern India, particularly in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh, similar trends of elevated BMI, dyslipidemia, and gender-specific risks are observed, with associations between abdominal obesity, high cholesterol, and low HDL. Additionally, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) activity are identified as independent CAD predictors. Both regions share common risk factors, exacerbated by urbanization and changing lifestyles, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions to manage CAD risk factors effectively.
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Suchit Swaroop (2025) conducted a review in Coronary Artery Disease. Biochemical risk factors (BMI, dyslipidemia) vs. Normal levels was evaluated on Prevalence and association of biochemical risk factors with CAD. Elevated BMI, dyslipidemia, and metabolic risk factors are consistently associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease across both North and South Indian populations.
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