The analysis of active microstrip antennas consisting of patches or other microstrip radiators integrated with active devices such as matched amplifiers is described. The analysis uses circuit voltages generated by the TOUCHSTONE analysis package as source distribution for a magnetic current radiation calculation to allow estimation of the radiation behaviour of the integrated antenna. Results for radiation from a matched amplifier are close to those measured and calculations of radiation from active patches show that pattern perturbation due to unwanted circuit radiation can be substantial.
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P.S. Hall (1993) studied this question.
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