Planar quasi-optical receivers that compactly integrate a coupled slot antenna and a HEMT or MESFET balanced self-oscillating mixer and on the same substrate for applications in microwave and millimeter-wave receiver arrays are discussed. Both the HEMT and the MESFET circuit are designed and demonstrated at X-band. The HEMT circuit exhibits an isotropic conversion gain of 4.5 dB and a noise figure of 6.5 dB. The isotropic conversion gain of the HEMT circuit is 7.5 dB higher than the mixer diode circuit previously reported.>
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Hwang et al. (1988) studied this question.
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