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Highlights some of the latest findings and research avenues in molecular sensors and actuators and also some of the problems encountered in developing such devices. The following topics are discussed: molecular sensors; biological molecular sensors (including immunosensors); artificial senses (including smell, taste, touch); Langmuir-Blodgett films; synthetic sensors (including gas sensors); molecular actuators (including microactuators); nanoactuators; doping of conducting polymers.>
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Rossi et al. (1994) studied this question.
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