Simple models for describing the fragmentation behavior of multiply charged cations

The potential energy curve describing the fragmentation of a diatomic dication AB2+ is considered as arising from an avoided crossing between an attractive diabatic curve (correlating with A2+ + B) and a repulsive diabatic curve (correlating with A+ + B+). The simplest avoided-crossing (AC) model neglects diabatic coupling and polarization and leads to useful predictions of the transition structure bond length (rTS) and the kinetic energy released (T) in fragmentations of dicationic systems in which the difference (Δ1) between the ionization energies of A+ and B is small. When Δ1 is not small, it is necessary to include diabatic coupling and polarization in the treatment. The resultant ACDCP (avoided crossing with diabatic coupling and polarization) model provides very satisfactory estimates of rTS and T for both small and large Δ1. Its implementation requires only atomic ionization energy and polarizability data and comes at virtually no computational cost. Both the AC and ACDCP models are readily generalized to fragmentations of more highly charged cations.